Latch is a mechanical fastening device used to secure doors, gates, or windows, ensuring they close securely and can be released easily. It consists of a bolt or metal bar that fits into a receptacle, often a catch or keeper, mounted on an adjacent surface. This mechanism is typically operated by a handle or knob, though in more sophisticated designs, electronic actuators are employed. Latches vary in complexity from simple slide bolts to intricate, spring-loaded devices, each serving the purpose of restricting access to a space or securing items within a facility.
The design of latches involves considerations of both security and convenience, balancing ease of use with resistance to unauthorised entry. In residential settings, latches often integrate with lock mechanisms, enhancing their functionality by allowing them to be locked with a key or combination. Industrial applications, on the other hand, might require more robust latches made of hardened steel to withstand harsh environments and heavy usage. The evolution of latches over time reflects advances in materials science and mechanical engineering, with recent developments including magnetic and electronic latches that offer keyless operation and can be integrated into smart home systems.