Master key is a specialised tool in security management that can open multiple locks, each of which also has its own key. Designed for efficiency and control, it serves facility managers, landlords, and institutions where hierarchical access is necessary. The architecture of a master key system involves a configuration of pins within the lock mechanism that allows it to be operated by both the master key and individual keys specific to each lock. This dual-functionality is achieved by setting up master wafers or spools in the pin stack of a lock cylinder, creating a shear line when either the master key or the change key is inserted.
Master key systems are often employed in commercial environments where different levels of access are required. They reduce the number of keys that individuals carry, simplify key management, and enhance operational efficiency. In terms of security, while offering convenience, master key systems can pose risks; if a master key is lost or copied, the security of all associated locks is compromised. Advances in security technology have led to electronic master key systems, which use digital credentials instead of physical keys, providing better control over access rights and tracking capabilities.